ADHD Medications: Stimulants vs. Non-Stimulants

ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting millions of adults and children across the country—including many in the greater Atlanta and Gwinnett County area. At Next Step Psychiatry in Lilburn, we help patients understand their medication options and find the most effective treatment approach.

Understanding ADHD Medications

There are two main categories of FDA-approved ADHD medications: stimulants and non-stimulants. Both can effectively manage symptoms like difficulty paying attention, impulsive behaviors, and hyperactivity—but they work differently and come with distinct considerations.

Stimulant Medications

Stimulants are the most common and often most effective ADHD medications. Studies show they improve symptoms in about 70% of adults and up to 80% of children.

How Stimulants Work

Stimulants increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain—neurotransmitters that play crucial roles in attention, motivation, and executive function. By boosting these chemicals, stimulants help manage the core symptoms of ADHD.

Types of Stimulant Medications

Methylphenidate-based:

• Ritalin (immediate-release) - quick relief, taken multiple times daily
• Concerta (extended-release) - once-daily dosing with sustained effects

Amphetamine-based:

• Adderall (immediate and extended-release forms)
• Vyvanse (extended-release with lower misuse potential)

Important Considerations

Stimulants are controlled substances, meaning their production and use is federally regulated due to potential for misuse. Georgia state laws may limit how much you can receive at once and whether prescriptions can be provided via telehealth.

Potential Side Effects

• Insomnia and sleep difficulties
• Decreased appetite and weight loss
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Nervousness or anxiety
• Irritability

Non-Stimulant Medications

Non-stimulant medications offer an alternative for patients who don't respond well to stimulants, experience intolerable side effects, or have concerns about controlled substances.

Examples of Non-Stimulant ADHD Medications

• Strattera (atomoxetine) - taken once daily, also helps with comorbid depression
• Qelbree (viloxazine) - extended-release, suitable for ages 6 and up
• Intuniv (guanfacine) - extended-release, once daily
• Kapvay (clonidine) - extended-release, once or twice daily

How Non-Stimulants Work

Most non-stimulants work by increasing norepinephrine levels in the brain, though through different mechanisms than stimulants. They typically take longer to reach full effectiveness—sometimes several weeks—but have lower risk of dependency and misuse.

Potential Side Effects

• Drowsiness (especially initially)
• Dizziness when standing quickly
• Dry mouth
• Decreased appetite

Comparing the Two Approaches

Stimulants:

• Work faster (often within an hour)
• Higher effectiveness rates
• Controlled substance status with stricter regulations
• Higher potential for misuse

Non-stimulants:

• Take longer to reach full effect (weeks)
• Lower risk of dependency
• May be better for patients with anxiety or substance use concerns
• Not controlled substances

Finding the Right Treatment

There's no one-size-fits-all approach to ADHD treatment. Dr. Aneel Ursani and Fathima Chowdhury, PA-C work with each patient to consider factors like symptom severity, medical history, lifestyle, and personal preferences when recommending medication.

Sometimes a combination of both medication types provides the best results. Our team monitors your response closely and makes adjustments to optimize your treatment.

Getting Started

Proper diagnosis is the first step toward effective ADHD treatment. Our team conducts comprehensive evaluations to understand your symptoms and develop a personalized treatment plan. With the right approach, ADHD symptoms can be well-managed, allowing you to thrive at work, school, and in your relationships.