Mood Stabilizers: A Complete Guide to Bipolar Medications

Mood disorders affect about 21% of American adults at some point in their lives. At Next Step Psychiatry in Lilburn, we help patients throughout metro Atlanta navigate the various medication options available for conditions like bipolar disorder. Here's what you need to know about mood stabilizers.

Understanding Mood Disorders

Mood disorders fall into two main categories: bipolar spectrum disorders (marked by mood swings between highs and lows) and depressive disorders (characterized by persistent low mood). Treatment varies significantly between these categories.

Types of Mood Stabilizers

Lithium

Often called the "gold standard" for bipolar disorder, lithium is a naturally occurring element that's been used for decades. It's effective for both manic episodes and preventing future episodes. Regular blood tests are required to monitor lithium levels and prevent toxicity.

Common side effects: Nausea, hand trembling, increased thirst, frequent urination

Anticonvulsants

Originally developed for epilepsy, certain anticonvulsants are highly effective mood stabilizers:

• Depakote (valproic acid) - Often used for acute manic episodes
• Lamictal (lamotrigine) - Particularly effective for preventing depressive episodes
• Tegretol (carbamazepine) - An older option still used today

Common side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headaches, nausea

Atypical Antipsychotics

Many antipsychotic medications also have mood-stabilizing properties:

• Abilify (aripiprazole)
• Seroquel (quetiapine)
• Latuda (lurasidone)
• Vraylar (cariprazine)
• Zyprexa (olanzapine)

Common side effects: Weight gain, dry mouth, drowsiness, constipation

How Mood Stabilizers Work

The exact mechanisms aren't fully understood, but mood stabilizers are thought to work by affecting neurotransmitters and cellular pathways in the brain related to mood regulation. They can reduce symptoms during acute episodes and help prevent future mood episodes.

Beyond Medication: Comprehensive Treatment

While medication is often essential for bipolar disorder, therapy can significantly improve outcomes. Effective therapeutic approaches include:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
• Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
• Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
• Family-focused therapy

At Next Step Psychiatry, we can coordinate with therapists throughout Gwinnett County to provide comprehensive care.

Choosing the Right Medication

Your psychiatrist will consider many factors when recommending a mood stabilizer:

• Your specific type of bipolar disorder
• Co-occurring conditions (anxiety, ADHD, etc.)
• Current physical health
• Other medications you take
• Pregnancy considerations
• Side effect profile