Object Permanence and ADHD: Understanding Memory Challenges

Have you ever started a load of laundry only to discover it days later, still sitting damp in the washer? Or texted someone, gotten distracted, and completely forgotten to send it? At Next Step Psychiatry in Lilburn, we hear these stories constantly from our ADHD patients throughout Gwinnett County. They often describe it as "object permanence" problems.

What Is Object Permanence?

True object permanence is a developmental milestone—babies learn that objects continue to exist even when they can't see them. People with ADHD absolutely have this ability. But they've adopted the term to describe something related: difficulties with working memory that make things feel like they've "disappeared" when they're out of sight.

The ADHD Connection

This isn't actually a problem with object permanence—it's a working memory issue. Working memory is the ability to hold task-related information in mind while working toward a goal. In ADHD, this function can be impaired, leading to:

• Forgetting tasks when visual reminders aren't present
• Starting a text, getting distracted, and forgetting to send it
• Leaving food on the stove or laundry in the washer
• Losing track of bills, appointments, or obligations
• Struggling to maintain relationships when friends aren't "in front of you"

Impact on Daily Life in Metro Atlanta

These challenges can significantly impact work, relationships, and daily functioning:

• Work: Missing deadlines because tasks disappear from mental awareness
• Relationships: Friends or partners feeling neglected when you don't reach out
• Finances: Bills going unpaid despite having the money
• Home: Unfinished projects accumulating everywhere

Seven Strategies That Help

1. Create Visual Cues

Use whiteboards, sticky notes, and visual reminders strategically. If you need to mail a package, put it by the door. If you need to take medication, put it next to your coffee maker.

2. Use Technology

Set multiple alarms and reminders. Use apps that send recurring notifications. Let your phone's calendar become your external memory.

3. Establish Routines

When something becomes habitual, it requires less working memory. Build consistent routines for important daily tasks.

4. Keep Things Visible

Clear containers, open shelving, and organized but visible storage help. If you can't see it, you might forget it exists.

5. Use Body Doubling

Working alongside someone else—even virtually—can help maintain focus and memory for tasks.

6. Set Up Environment Triggers

Create systems where your environment reminds you of tasks. Keys always go in the same spot. Bills go in one designated location.

7. Communicate with Others

Let friends, family, and partners know this is how your brain works. Ask them to send reminder texts or not to take it personally when you forget to reach out.

Treatment Options

Beyond coping strategies, ADHD treatment can significantly improve working memory:

• Medication: Stimulants and non-stimulants can improve executive function including working memory
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): Helps develop personalized strategies
• Executive function coaching: Practical skills for daily functioning